Cardiothoracic Surgery

Programs that are staffed by surgeons who have special expertise in the operative, peri-operative and critical care of patients who have pathological conditions within the chest. Included is surgical care of patients who have coronary artery disease; cancers of the lung, esophagus and chest wall; abnormalities of the great vessels and heart valves; congenital anomalies or tumors of the mediastinum; or injuries to the chest. Cardiothoracic surgeons require substantial knowledge of cardio-respiratory physiology and oncology as well as capability in the use of extracorporeal circulation, intra-aortic balloon support, pacemakers, pleural drainage, respiratory support systems, endoscopy and invasive and noninvasive diagnostic techniques.